Womens Roles In Hermia And Juliet By Shakespeare

Omar Antonio Cardona Cruz English 315 Professor Patricia Patrick 9 October 2017 Not Your Choice, Woman! During Elizabeth times women had no control over their lives, personal decisions and future. Shakespeare does a great job challenging the typical stereotypes of female roles during the Elizabeth times. Despite the persistence of men trying to diminish women as and view them submissive and weaker. Through the characters of Hermia and Juliet Shakespeare portrays women as strong and independent willing to aggressively take control of their future. Shakespeare exposes the asymmetrical relationship between men and women, where women are expected to be submissive and subordinated. Men believe they have the power to decide for the women’s†¦show more content†¦A woman should not expect more than that. Juliet’s nurse constantly reminded her of the role she should fill in their society once she reached puberty. She would say, â€Å"Thou wilt fall backward when thou comest to age† (1.3.56). Juliet was expected to put up with the idea of being a mother as soon as she became fertile. Juliet’s mother teaches her about her role when she says, â€Å"Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, / Are already made mothers. By my count, / I was your mother much upon these years† (1.3.70-72). It seems like it was not an estrange thing for young girls to move from their parents’ house to their husband’s house without the opportunity to explore life. Women had very little to say when it came to deci de on their future. Juliet’s future was negotiated, and she had no control over the decision. Capulet, her father, said, â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world. / She hath not seen the change of fourteen years, / Let two more summers wither in their pride† to which her wooer, Paris, responded, â€Å"Younger than she are happy mothers made† (1.2.8-12). Marriage was something negotiated to the convenience to where the wife-to-be only had the option to accept her parent’s decision. Women’s opinions were silenced while their destiny was put a price because they were perceived as weaker and incapable of shaping their own future. Despite the gender assigned roles of women, Shakespeare revealsShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Midsummer Nights Dream: Critical Analysis3103 Words   |  13 PagesMidsummer Nights Dreamquot; William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is quot;A Midsummer Nights Dream.quot; They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which master writers only write successfully. Shakespeare proves here to be a master writerRead MoreEssay on The True Character of Isabella in Measure for Measure3886 Words   |  16 PagesPerhaps I take the issue of Isabella’s character so seriously because I played the role of Isabella in our college’s production of the play. Preparing and playing a Shakespearean role onstage leads to a kind of understanding of that character that no other activity can match. When we professors encourage our Shakespeare students to work toward an interpretation of a play by imagining how they might play various roles, we are approaching that kind of understanding. When we ask them to view various productions

Essay on Robert Frosts Poem Fire and Ice - 822 Words

Robert Frosts Poem Fire and Ice If you had a choice on how the world would end, what would you choose? Would your choice to be go painfully but fast? Perhaps you would rather it be so slow and painless you do not even realize it is happening? Thats what I believe Robert Frosts poem Fire and Ice is meant to express. Although the poem is short, it holds a very interesting question to think about. The question is which way would you rather the world come to an end. There are two choices. The first two lines in Fire and Ice express the choices, Some say the world will end in fire, / Some say in ice.; I feel that he uses the term fire not to hold the direct meaning of a burning flame, but to represent the punishment†¦show more content†¦They must have what they want, and they must have it now. That is one of the main purposes of a loan. Someone wants a car, but does not want to take the time to save the money. They instead borrow the money and have to pay it back, of course at a higher cost with interest. I can honestly say that a huge majority of people are in debt. They could not wait. They had to have something now. I feel that the quote explains this by using the word desire.; It presents the fact that people are not willing to wait, if the world is going to end, let it happen. In my interpretation, the narrator agrees with this due to the line I hold with those who favor fire.; But if it had to perish twice,; shows that although the narrator would rather get it over fast, he believes there is another way that is not such a bad option. The alternative to fire, which is ice, also has its advantages. The line, I think I know enough hate,; shows that the violence of fire is caused by hate and evil. To say that for destruction ice / Is also great,; represents the fact that there is a calm, slow way to end things. For the world to end in ice, it would take a great deal of time. Perhaps happening so slowly no person would even notice. It could be happening as you read this paper. Ice represents a numbing effect. Think of rubbing an ice cube across your arm for a few minutes. At first you can feel it, but as time goes on, you feel nothing.Show MoreRelated Analysis of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice      Ã‚  Ã‚   For Robert Frost, poetry and life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   were one and the same.   In an interview he said, One thing I care about,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and wish young people could care about, is taking poetry as the first form   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of understanding.   Each Robert Frost poem strikes a chord somewhere, each   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   poem bringing us closer to life with the compression of feeling and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   emotion into so few words.   This essay will focus on one particularRead MoreBiography and Works of Robert Frost794 Words   |  3 PagesBiography: On the outside, Robert Frost’s life seemed easy, but what happened in his life explains why he wrote about a darker side of human nature. Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco. According to â€Å"Frost’s Life and Career† on Modern American Poetry, Frost lived there until he, his mother, and his sister moved to Massachusetts after the death of his father. That is where he married Elinor Miriam White, and had six children, two of them dying as babies. Frost grew tired of the MassachusettsRead More Robert Frost’s Fire and Ice Essays991 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Frost’s Fire and Ice Fire and Ice is a popular poem written in 1923 by Robert Frost. It is a very well known poem and is used in many high schools and colleges today. Many students along with various critics read this poem as Frost’s idea as to how the world is going to end. People also take this in a Biblical sense, because the passage that God states the next time he destroys the world, it will be in fire. He blatantly states in the first lines, â€Å"Some say the world will end in fireRead MoreThe Poetry of Robert Lee Frost810 Words   |  3 Pagesfound words,† Robert Frost once said. 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In the first two lines of the poem he presents two options for the end of the world, â€Å"Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice†. I feel that he uses the term fire, not toRead MorePoems of Robert Frost Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost was an American poet, and playwright who became one of the leading pioneers in poetry in the late 1800’s into the 1900’s. Frost grew up in rural New England in the early twentieth century and experienced many hardships in his life including losing his father at the young age of eleven and losing two children at very young ages. He used his experiences of growing up in a rural area in most of his poems. Another major them in his poems are decision-making poems usually based off of hisRead More Fire And Ice - Compared To 4 Other Poems Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pages Five Great Pieces of Thought I think Robert Frost is a understandable, but yet an unconventional poet. Frost wrote in his own style, and as a result, he took quite a bit of heat from the critics of his period. Frost has an elegant style of writing descriptive and understandable poems. I am going to tell you about the five best pieces he has ever written. First off, amp;quot;A Considerable Speckamp;quot; is a unusual poem about Frost noticing a tiny speck on his paper. Upon further observationRead More A Comparison of the Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost The poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost contains similar themes and ideas. Both poets attempt to romanticize nature and both speak of death and loneliness. Although they were more than fifty years apart, these two seem to be kindred spirits, poetically speaking. Both focus on the power of nature, death, and loneliness. The main way in which these two differ is in their differing use of tone. The power of nature is a recurring themeRead MoreFire and Ice by Robert Frost 628 Words   |  3 Pagestheme to the poem â€Å"Fire and Ice† that many can still relate to today? The popular poem â€Å"Fire and Ice†, was written in in 1920. This poem was very controversial when it was first published. This poem seems to deal with the question â€Å"How will the world end?† Many scientists have different opinions on not only when the world will end, but more specifically how it will end. This poem implies that when dealing with the end of the world, it will end in one of two ways; in fire or in ice. Nearly 100Read MoreShadows in the Yellow Wood: The Dark Side of Rober Frosts Poetry1508 Words   |  7 PagesShadows in the Yellow Wood: The Dark Side of Robert Frost’s Poetry Robert Frost is one of the most widely-read and recognized poets of the twentieth century, if not all time. If his name is mentioned, it is usually followed by a reference to two roads diverged in a yellow wood and taking the one less traveled by. But lurking in the shadows of the yellow wood of Frost’s poetry are much deeper meanings than are immediately apparent. As the modern poet Billy Collins says in his â€Å"Introduction to

THE USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN EDUCATION Free Essays

As you may or may non cognize, an Information System is a aggregation of hardware, package, informations, people, and processs that work together to bring forth quality information and instruction is the procedure of geting cognition. How do people get this cognition you may be believing? Well, they learn from other people such as pedagogues, employers and workers. There are many signifiers of stuffs that are used in instruction. We will write a custom essay sample on THE USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN EDUCATION or any similar topic only for you Order Now The traditional stuffs would be the text books and manuals used for acquisition tools, but in todays times it ‘s a different narrative. Educators are now turning to computing machines to help them with larning. This new manner of acquisition is going highly popular and is realy distributing fast. Not merely can you utilize information systems inside the schoolroom to attach to face to confront larning but it can besides be used for distance acquisition. Learning has no boundries when it comes to IS. The Internet allows pupil to hold to entree to an eternal sum of information for research intents.Students of all ages can utilize on-line activities that relate to their capable affair and keyboarding accomplishments are being developed at really early ages. In order to succed and derive more cognition about our information-rich society, pupils must be able to utilize this engineering efficaciously, both in an educational scene and beyond. The instructors of today are confronting many challenges and alterations, it is going an progressively more hard occupation because of the immense sums of outlooks. By utilizing engineering in learning it can really assist with many outlooks faced by the pedagogues of today. IS alterations from twelvemonth to twelvemonth therefore it is of import for a instructor to take portion in professional development in engineering. Professional development ensures that engineering is used eficiently and efficaciously in order to make new chances for larning and to advance pupil accomplishment. In a manner, Information Systems have become the anchor of modern instruction. It allows schools to hive away valuable pupil information and assists the disposal section with the direction of the full school. When an IS tool is good to larning, it benefits learning. If an IS tool is good to learning, it in bend benefits disposal and the learning pupils and so on. It is a collaborative attempt which affects all facets of instruction. Teachers can show many IS tools to pupils in order to assistance in the acquisition procedure. Examples of these acquisition tools would be E-learning, Web TC, online categories, construct maps and distance acquisition are all classified as signifiers of instructional engineering. Distance acquisition has many benefits, these include leting pupils to go to categories when the state of affairs does non allow them to go to the on-campus talk, it gives the pupils flexibleness to work on assignments when their agenda permits them to and in bend this releases a pupil from go toing a category where a set twenty-four hours and clip is scheduled. Students besides have the priviledge to make synergistic teamwork between groups every bit good as have the chance to cormmunicate with people from different backgrounds, civilizations from all around the universe. Having IS capablenesss in the schoolroom allows pupils to hold mention stuffs at their fingertips. The web is non merely a beginning for communicating but can besides supply mention for an tremendous figure of subjects. Today ‘s web non merely consists of Web sites where information on assorted subjects can be found but it contains pictures where the ocular scholar can analyze subjects in a manner that they process information. This resource provides pedagogues with prosecuting digital resources to be more effectual in the schoolroom and in bend addition pupil involvement by linking the schoolroom to an abundant sum of information from around the universe. When utilizing such resources, the instructor is now a facilitator in larning the capable stuff and non person who is talking the stuffs like in the yesteryear. The bulk of the determinations made within educational establishments are made from analysing informations this information is collected by the usage of IS engineering. Examples of IS engineering would be an on-line trials ( such as Exam View or Quiz Star ) where pupils take trials online and recieve their consequences about immediatly. This on-line tool so shops the trial and the memo to the trial, but will besides hive away the pupils replies. A study can be instantly generated after the trial has been completed. The information from the studies will instantly be available for instructors so they can be shown where the pupils are fighting. A common illustration of the usage of this engineering in the schoolroom are pupils utilizing computing machines for research undertakings, computing machine package and presentations. Assorted applications are taught to pupils on a day-to-day footing. Due to the fact that today ‘s pupils learn in many different ways, instructors need to calculate out variou effectual methods for them to acquire that information. The regulations of the past bash non use to the pupils of today. Alternatively of the pupils necessitating to accommodate to suit the cast of what the instructor expects, the instructor needs to accommodate the manner they deliver that information to the pupils. IS helps better instruction in the schoolroom due to the fact that it gives the instructor the chance to educate the pupils many different ways. It requires pupils to believe outside the box and acquire a better apprehension of the information that is being presented to them. Students besides have a opportunity to research thoughts on manus and do their acquisition more meaningful and relevant. In the yesteryear, instruction was one dimensional. However, due to engineering altering the ambiance in the schoolroom, instruction is now teacher directed, but pupils can go farther engaged with helping the instructors lesson with the provided engineering at a chink of a button. Teachers besides have to set up a ground for utilizing IS in the schoolroom and have to do the instruction successful for their pupils. In order for learning to be effectual instructors need to let flexibleness in the lessons prepared on a day-to-day footing. In the society of today, information systems are altering quickly twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. There are many different manners of engineering that can be use to hike acquisition for pupils. These manners of engineering can run from Power Point presentations to mobile laptops with Internet entree for each pupil. With engineering like this in the schoolroom the pupils get a much better quality of larning. Nowdays information systems are going easier and easier to utilize and this makes it more convenient for pupils who wants to make research and happen solutions to there jobs. Students gain cognition through computing machines where engineering is used basically as a coach and serves to increase the pupils basic accomplishments and cognition and where engineering is used as a tool that can be applied to a assortment of ends in the acquisition procedure which can function as a resource to assist develop higher order thought, creativeness and research accomplishments. Communication is highly of import if you want the right message to be delivered. There are many different ways to pass on. Using the right method for its bringing is merely every bit of import. In the past instructors and pupils would do presentations in category and would utilize flip-charts, overhead projectors, or blackboards as their primary medium. Now, we have electronic whiteboards that record what the instructor writes, so pupils can entree the animated or narrated information on a computing machine for alteration after the presentation. Power Point presentations can besides be used, in which we can incorporate text, picture, sound, artworks, links to other paperss, or links to the Internet. This widespread application allows both pupils and instructors to pass on in a truly multimedia format. Social networking sites, electronic mail ( e-mail ) , and web logs ( web logs ) are three more agencies of easing communicating among pupils. Collaboration is now simpler than of all time due to the usage of online tools and package that allows pupils and pedagogues to work together on undertakings. Wikis, web seminars, and video conference calls are a few ways that pupils and instructors can come together and portion information with other pupils and co-workers. Communication can besides be done via the Web. Students can link to the cyberspace by utilizing either Dial-up entree, radio webs, DSL ( Digital Subscriber Line ) , satellite modems or overseas telegram modems. Many schools of today have Web sites that connect users to school calendars, upcoming featuring events, contact information for the school and pedagogues, library resources and a batch more. If IS did non be this would wholly be impossible to make. This method of communicating allows schools relay information to parents and pupils in a timely mode. Lots of schools have incorporated a type of IS that allows parents and defenders to hold entree to their kid ‘s consequences and attending record. In a nut shell parents sign up for their ain user name and watchword and so they have sole entree to this type of information. Via this IS tool, schools can hold 24/7 communicating with parents to inform them of their kid ‘s advancement in each category. When pupils graduate and enter into the on the job universe, they must be equipped with the necessary accomplishments to vie in an international market. An illustration of a accomplishment would being able to video conference which removes the boundaries of a traditional schoolroom. The pupils are able to derive valuable cognition that is outside of the text edition by speaking to pupils in that state. From the pedagogues ‘ point of view, computing machine applications allow for them to take a traditional schoolroom and turn it into a practical schoolroom. In the schoolroom, the assorted types of engineering deliver different signifiers of content and serve many different intents. Examples of this would be word processing and e-mailing which promote communicating accomplishments, database and spreadsheet plans which promote organisational accomplishments, every bit good as patterning package which encourages the apprehension of mathematic every bit good as scientific constructs. Educators and pupils likewise are both looking for better ways to present and larn information. Most educational plans use a computer-based preparation attack. Schools are rapidly accommodating to thse preparation plans and it in bend aids pupils in larning. The benefits that information systems give to the educational procedure are endless. How to cite THE USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN EDUCATION, Essay examples

Social Responsibility and Social Responsible Consumption of Mcdonalds free essay sample

This assignment will be based on McDonalds and will be focusing on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) will also be heavily forces on the social ethical side of the business McDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest fast food chain, selling primarily hamburgers, chicken, french fries and carbonated drinks; and more recently salads, fruit and carrot sticks. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonalds) The business was founded in 1940 with a restaurant opened by siblings Dick and Mac McDonald. It was their introduction of the Speedee Service System in 1948 that established the principles of the fast-food restaurant. However, the company today dates its founding to the opening of CEO Ray Krocs first franchised restaurant, the companys ninth, in 1955. He opened his first McDonalds in Des Plaines, Illinois in April 1955. As the first and largest international fast food franchise, McDonalds has become a focal point in public debate about rising obesity rates, corporate ethics and consumer responsibility. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonalds) Social responsible consumption of McDonalds Social responsible consumption of products is important to McDonalds and to the long-term success of the business . In an industry first, with other fast food manufacturers, McDonalds have tried to created a more heailther image then before this can be look at by removing there super size meal which course a lot of prombles McDonalds menus offer a variety of safe, high-quality food products that can fit into balanced, active lifestyles. McDonalds typically serve several types of hamburgers, grilled and fried chicken products, and fish and, in many cases, salads, fruits, and additional sandwich options. McDonalds created the Ronald McDonalds House Charity (RMHC) in 1974. The RMHC ‘is working to better the lives of children and their families around the world’ (Ronald McDonald House Charity, nd). The RMHC works ‘by creating, finding and supporting programs that directly improves the health and well being of children’ More than 10 million families around the world have benefited from the Ronald McDonald House Charity (richmondrmhc. homestead. com). social consumption of McDonald is not all jolly as there are many responsible issues which is a big concern to any people and need to be looked at by the company here are some facts from the super size me website McDonalds distributes more toys per year than Toys-R-Us this should be a really concern to them as Toys R Us are in a toy industry and McDonalds give out more toys to there customers this should tell McDonalds something about what kind of marketing methods they are doing. 60 % of all Americans are either o verweight or obese this is figure is very high we know that McDonalds are trying to improve there menu and offering gyms in some of there outlets in the U S. McDonalds represents 43% of total U. S. fast food market McDonalds feeds more than 46 million people a day more than the entire population of Spain (supersizeme. com) What is meant by Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is achieved when a business adapts all of its practices to ensure that it operates in ways that meet, or exceed, the ethical, legal, commercial and public expectations that society has of business. (www. corporate-responsibility. om) To be considered effective, corporate social responsibility must be an integrated part of day-to-day business, engaging all stakeholders and including strategies to support individual managers to make socially responsible decisions, conform to ethical behaviour and obey the law (www. corporate-responsibility. com) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in McDonalds has increased over the last 15 years, as globalisation has led to increased pressure to meet society’s ethical demands and expectations. This pressure is a result of an increased number of stakeholders who ‘can affect or are affected by, the achievement of the organisations objectives’ (Beauchamp, 2004), as well as the increasing influence and power of the mass media, which is able to pick up on even the smallest issues and represent them globally. As a result, ‘in a technological age, where news spreads fast and everyone is expected to do there part to take care of the world, Corporate Responsibility is a business necessity’ (Allen, 2004). Implementing CSR within an organisation is becoming extremely crucial as ‘businesses need to be seen acting responsibly towards people, planet and profit’ (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2005). At the beginning of 2006 McDonalds created a CSR Blog on the Internet where consumers can go online and see what McDonalds do for CSR and McDonalds CSR Blog also invites the consumers to communicate with them to offer their opinions and make their experiences known with McDonalds. From these comments McDonalds are able to improve and move forward. With comments like these available to McDonalds over the Internet they are able to quickly sort out any problems. Bob Langert (2006), Senior Director for Corporate Social Responsibility at McDonalds stated ‘we want to open our doors to corporate social responsibility (CSR) at McDonald’s – to share what we’re doing and learn what you think. How to improve the buisness. Engaging Ronald McDonald as our physical activity ambassador. In 2003, a new Ronald McDonald shows Get Moving with Ronald McDonald to help provide motivation for starting and maintaining a more physically active lifestyle. Ronald McDonald is now a central figure in the unique fun communications of our global energy balance awareness campaign. ( McDonald. com) Much younger consumers, the so-called generation X and millennium consumers born since 1982, have an equal antagonism to manipulative promotion (Soloman et al. , 2002). In fact, there is some suggestion this generation (Y) expect to be able to tell the business what to do. Contrary to most predictions of consumer behaviour, the more information there is about something wrong with a product, the more this generation will buy it;. This group engage in a mass of two way communications via e mail and mobile phone, so they expect to be able to interact with a company and interrogate a product before purchase (Rach, 2000. ) this effect McDonalds way of business as most of the consumer are people under 30 Ethical issues faced by Mc Donald’s An ethical problem involves a situation that is morally difficult and makes a person question what is the right or wrong thing to do. Ethical problem make individuals think about their obligations, duties or responsibilities. These problems can be highly complex and difficult to resolve. Easier problem involve a right versus wrong answer this type of problems are always effect at McDonald’s and other large organisation there are many problems related to ethical problems in McDonald’s One of the main ethical criticisms consistently faced by McDonald’s over the last 30 years relates to the food offered in its stores. Critics claim that McDonald’s is a major contributing factor to the ever-increasing levels of obesity (Walsh, 2003) in the U. S. and other developed countries. Medical studies show that ‘waistlines are expanding faster in the UK than in any other European country†¦with 1 in 5 adults dangerously overweight’ (Walsh, 2003), while in 2001 it was reported that 300,000 deaths a year in the U. S. are related to obesity compared to 400,000 through cigarette smoking’ (McMans Depression and Bipolar Weekly, 2004). McDonald’s contribution is a result of the unhealthy nature of fast food. For example, a meal of a Big Mac and medium fries would provide you with ‘910 calories, as well as 46g of fat, 13g of which are saturated’ (McDonald’s. om, 2005). Considering the fact that this is half the recommended daily allowance for a female adult, it is clear that McDonald’s does not meet U. S. dietary requirements. Apart from obesity, ‘diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and some forms of cancer are related to a diet high in fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar’ (Inside the McLibel tr ial, 1995). The impacts of a McDonald’s diet were clearly shown in Morgan Spurlock’s controversial film ‘Super Size Me’, where he ate nothing but McDonald’s for one month. Although this was an extreme example, the impacts on Spurlock were dramatic. ‘Spurlock gained 25 pounds, raised his cholesterol by 60 points, dropped his libido and turned his liver into pate’ (McMans Depression and Bipolar Weekly, 2004). He also experienced headaches and depression, and actually became addicted to the products. The impact of a McDonald’s diet on children is also a major ethical concern, as an increasing number of children are faced with obesity problems. ‘Every month, 90 percent of the children between 3 and 9 in America visit a McDonalds’ (Schlosser, 2001). McDonald’s has been criticised for exploiting children with advertising. They have traditionally aimed themselves towards children with collectable toys in ‘Happy Meals’, as well as colourful advertising campaigns and promotions in schools. Most criticised is the use of the Ronald McDonald clown character, which has been seen as a ‘cynical exploitation of children to use a clown to drum up business’ (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). These marketing tactics contribute to the increasing unhealthy diet of many children. Issues on how they really look after the environment and animals Stakeholders in a McDonalds may not only be human because animals are also seen as an important part of society and deserve the same treatment as humans. McDonald’s has been criticised for the way it treats animals before they are killed and turned into fast food. ‘The corporation is the worlds largest promoter of meat based products, the largest user of beef and the second largest user of chicken’ (McSpotlight. org: McDonald’s and Animals, 2005), and therefore is faced with the usual claims aimed at slaughterhouses. It is claimed that ‘chickens were crammed into sheds with less than one square foot of space per bird and no daylight’ (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). As a result, ‘44% had leg abnormalities and other health problems’ (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). This treatment was not just reserved for chicken but also other animals involved in McDonald’s fast food products. 40% of piglets were held in indoor breeding units, and half had tails docked for no apparent reason’ (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). Ethical criticism is also aimed at the methods for killing the animals. 14% of chickens received pre-stun shocks, which caused undue stress, while 1% (1,350 per day) were decapitated before being stunned’ (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995) . On the other hand, McDonald is now becoming more socially/ ethically aware There are many other examples of McDonalds partnership with leaders in this field, in the United Kingdom where McDonalds is supporti ng future of farming and animal welfare projects in partnership with Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. McDonalds has ushered in a new era of responsibility and accountability for animal welfare. They have helped encourage collaboration and cooperation among industry, non-government organizations, academia, and other stakeholders so that we can work together to make a difference, said Dr. Joy Mench, University of California at Davis, Department of Animal Science, and a member of McDonalds Animal Welfare Council. (McDonald’s Corporation) I am impressed by McDonalds efforts to develop animal welfare standards for processing plants, and I am encouraged by the dialogue and actions taken to establish guidelines. For example, I have seen the tangible esults of the new laying hen guidelines, and they have greatly improved the living conditions of hens. (Dr. Joy Mench) this statement clearly shows that McDonalds are improving their way of business and becoming more aware of the environment. On another environmental issue, McDonalds won praise in July from Greenpeace, which wrote, in an historic deal that has impacts far beyond the golden arches and into the global agricultura l market, McDonalds is now the leading company to halt deforestation for the expansion of Soya farming in the Amazon. McDonalds agreed to stop its role in slashing the forests for Soya, which is fed to the pigs and chickens that end up in its sandwiches and breakfast entrees, after Greenpeace pointed an accusing finger at the company in April. This Cleary is indicating that McDonalds are doing something about the environment while getting prises of Geenpeace this shows that McDonalds have come a long way of cleaning there act up and looking out for the environment issues which affect them while doing business As well as social ethical issues, McDonald’s must also consider environmental ethics, which means treating natural resources not just as good but also as part of the ecological whole. It is important because it affects the image of the company and consumer’s perceptions. For example, ‘a Wall Street Journal poll in 1991 claimed that 53% of people avoided purchasing a product because of environmental concerns about a product or manufacturer’ (Hawken, 2002). The most famous environmental issue is the suggestion that McDonald’s has destroyed hundreds of acres of Brazilian rainforest to make way for large-scale cattle ranching. This not only removes a valuable natural resource, but also has an impact on global warming, as the rainforest is an essential mechanism for the absorption of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. McDonald’s also ‘annually produces over a million tons of packaging used for just a few minutes before being discarded’ (McSpotlight. org: Environment, 2005). Traditionally a number of ozone depleting gasses were used in polystyrene foam packaging. In the 21st century, McDonald’s uses almost all recycled packaging. However, the company still faces criticism due to the amount of waste it produces. ‘Each of McDonald’s US restaurants produces 238 pounds of waste per day and each of its U. S. regional distribution centres disposes of another 900 pounds of waste per day’ (Svoboda and Hart, 1995). This is not only expensive to dispose of, but also difficult when considering that similar quantities of waste are being produced around the world. McDonalds statement: We cook all our products in 100% rapeseed oil and since 1998 have reduced the trans fatty acid levels by over 50%. We continue to trial new oils that offer us further reductions. The Food and Drink Federation said: The food industry is fully committed to reducing the level of trans fats to as low as is technically possible and has been actively reducing these levels. Internal ethical issues in McDonald’s McDonald’s also experiences internal ethical issues related to the working conditions and treatment of e mployees. ‘McDonald’s employs over 1 and a half million people worldwide, over half of them under 21 years old’ (McSpotlight. org: McDonald’s and Employment). McDonald’s has adopted ‘age differentials between adult and younger workers, meaning that they pay most of their employees less than the normal adult minimum wage’ (Transport and General Workers Union, 2004). For example, McDonald’s pays some 16-year olds as little as $6. 80 an hour. McDonald’s employees also experience poor working conditions with discrimination, illegal working hours, and poor safety conditions. There is little that can be done about this due to the absence of trade unions, within McDonald’s, to represent staff. If Milton Freeman’s theory of stakeholders is adopted, the needs and expectations of staff are just as important as those of customers. The range of ethical criticisms level at McDonald’s throughout the world has been well published. However, many of these issues were first raised in the 1970’s before tighter regulation was imposed and unethical behaviour became a burning topic. After 30 years of criticism, it is important to look at what measures McDonald’s has taken to improve its ethical conduct and how far this has been successful. McDonald’s claims that ‘being a good citizen has been inherent in the company since its inception’ (Schlosser, 2001). Ray Kroc believed McDonald’s had an ‘obligation to give back to the community that gives so much to us’. This was rooted in his founding principles of Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value. Since 1955, McDonald’s has continually made statements about its conduct to try and reassure shareholders and stakeholders. However, nothing was said or published about what attempts were actually being made to ‘do the right thing’. This finally changed in 2002 with the release of McDonald’s first Social Responsibility Report. Problems course in the 2002 report The content of the report was criticised because it focused on issues and areas where McDonald’s had been successful, but did not mention well-publicised issues, such as obesity. Similarly, it neglected to mention a number of the company’s major environmental impacts. For example, the report ‘talked about water use at the outlets, but failed to note that every quarter-pounder requires 600 gallons of water’ (Schlosser, 2001). This distinct lack of transparency enabled McDonald’s to cover up any bad issues and only show what they wanted the public to see. The key problem with the 2002 Responsibility Report was that ‘due to its decentralised nature, McDonald’s was unable to provide any of the data that is looked for as core information in their report’ (Wood, 2002). In its report, McDonald’s stated how much money it had provided for social improvements, but no figures on what impact these improvements had. Similarly, there was very little information related to the measurement of environmental impacts and improvements. This meant that the report was written as a narrative, rather than a social report. The effectiveness of the report was also reduced by the fact that there was ‘no comparative data on past and present performance’ (Strategic Direction, 2002). The final nail in the coffin for the report was the fact that ‘there was no independent verification’ (Strategic Direction, 2002), which meant that stakeholders could not even have a guarantee of the accuracy of the report. These negative factors meant that the first McDonalds Social Responsibility Report was ‘an impressive statement of intent, but it recognised that the company was not yet ready to report progress’ (Wood, 2002). The report says that ‘being responsible is one of our greatest competitive advantages’, even though the issues it tackles are growing ever more complex’ (Allen, 2004). The 2002 report made little mention of McDonald’s food, and failed to recognise the ethical concerns associated with it What McDonald’s is doing to improve their image The company highlighted efforts to offer healthier options, including salads on its menu, and revealed how they had brought in a full time nutritionist to alter the menu. Possibly the most poignant move was to phase out the ‘Super Size option’ in all restaurants. McDonald’s have also ‘added new options to Happy Meals for children, so fries can be substituted for healthy alternatives like apple slices’ (Allen, 2004), and offers milk, fresh orange and water instead of coke. The section on the environment is also more substantial, with a variety of figures on packaging and waste. For example, ‘McDonald’s achieved a 3. 2% reduction in packaging during 2003’ (McDonalds Corporate Responsibility Report, 2004). This is combined with a section, which shows McDonald’s commitment to improving the environmental performance of suppliers. This includes a statement that ‘McDonald’s will not purchase beef from rainforests or recently deforested rainforest land’ (McDonalds Corporate Responsibility Report, 2004), acknowledging one of the specific ethical criticisms aimed at McDonald’s. McDonald’s also shows its commitment to reducing animal cruelty from suppliers by increasing supplier accountability and ‘conducting nearly 500 audits at beef, pork and chicken processing facilities around the world’ (McDonalds Corporate Responsibility Report, 2004). The content of this report shows that the company is beginning to acknowledge and account for the unethical stories recounted by critics There is still an absence of evidence to prove to strong opposition that change is really occurring. This is probably a result of the fact that McDonald’s does not have an ethics department or ethics officer. It simply has codes of conduct, which are produced at the top level by directors. The result of this is that because the directors are not experts in ethical conduct, many of the ethical issues are simply covered over by well publicised, but unsuccessful schemes, and many of the needs of stakeholders are not met. In 2004 Corporate Responsibility Report shows that the menu has been enhanced with healthy options, which reinforces McDonald’s public aim to increase the healthiness of its customers. The company has increased recycling and reduced waste in stores across the world, while attempts have been made to improve the standards of its suppliers Conclusion and recommendations McDonald’s achievement is set to continue into the future. This has been sustained despite facing constant pressure from critics about its operating practices. As a result, it seems very unlikely that McDonald’s methods of publicising ethical attempts will change, especially considering the money that would be required. If there was a shift towards full corporate social responsibility, there is a need for an ethical officer and ethics department, comprised of experts who can subjectively analyse the performance of the company and set accurate objectives.

THE POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Essays - Education

THE POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. 1. Pre-master course : Post graduate Foundation Programes(6-9 month) -Form: The programme of course: learning English + research skills and postgraduate study + elective subject. - Diploma: Master's degree => +The course will ensure you can continue to master at a certain university in United Kingdom. + Some of program is designed specifically to prepare for the MBA class. 2. Postgraduate Diploma and Certificate (MA/Diploma; MSc/Diploma ): PGCE, PG Dip, PG Cert: (9 month) - Form: + The content of this course :specific subjects, for example, the Post Diploma Certificate management science, education and information technology. + Based on the teaching of science and not having research,and no project or thesis. - Diploma: Postgraduate Certificate (PG Cert) Postgraduate Diploma (PG Dip) => as the professional qualifications can make a great start in the profession. 3. Masters programs(MA, MSc, LLM, MEd,and the other programs): is called Taught Masters ( 1 year) - Form: + Type of research programs of study in a context / environment, for example, the interdisciplinary master's program in science or in a practical application environment. + to complete a number of subjects: participating in lectures and discussions, essay writing and exam and researching for thesis. - Diploma: Master of Arts (MA) Master of Education (MEd), Master of Science (MSc), Master of Law (LLM) => bringing a depth of knowledge in a narrow specialization of disciplines. > Beside: Having 2 other forms of master's programs: 4. Research Master's Course(Mres): (1-3 years) - Form: + The program content focuses on the development of research skills of students and research a single topic. + This program requires a project / thesis of a longer essay Taught master's courses - Diploma: Master of Philosophy (MPhil) Master by research (MA/MSc) Master of Research (MRes) => To be useful for graduate students preparing for a doctorate (PhD) or graduate students working in areas related to research. 5. Master-business administration (MBA) : (1 year) - Form: + Designed on the basis of practical experience of students should bring a very high level of skills in business and administration. + Type of MBA: MBA tong quat (General MBA) & MBA chuyn ngnh (Specialist MBA) - Diploma: Master of Business Administration (MBA) => Making an opportunities on the management level. 6. PhD programs: including: . Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil) course (minium 3 years): - Form: is a research program (Research Doctorates), the result of course is a project / dissertation from 70.000 to 100.000 words with the unique innovation and in principle, the initiative could be announced. - Diploma: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil) including New route PhD . Taught Doctorates course (minium 3 years): - Form: Ologies: technology (Deng), administrator (DBA), music (DMus) and education (DED). - Diploma: Doctor of Education (DEd) Doctor of Engineering (DEng) Doctor of Management (DBA) . New route PhD course (4 years) - Form: Focus on 9 fields: Social sciences, arts, humanities, languages, economics, and business administration, natural sciences, mathematics, technology, medicine. => To satisfy the needs of the economy based on knowledge of today and to meet the needs of enterprises for personnel.

The History Of The Yo Yo essays

The History Of The Yo Yo essays It spins! It sleeps! It flips! It turns! It's the amazing yo-yo! So many people have busted a few moves with a yo-yo, or at least tried to, sometime in their lives. It's seems that it's been a toy that's been around forever. But, of course, it is a man-made object, therefore it must have an inventor, time, and place it came from. Now I will speak on the history of the yo-yo. You will discover aspects about it's origins, all the way up to becoming one of the world's most popular toys. Although you might see this study and research as pointless, you will be amazed at the immense history this simply stringed gadget has. Being a toy created in the ancient era, the yo-yo is one of the world's oldest toys, second only to the doll. Some people believe that the yo-yo was developed in ancient China. But, the oldest surviving yo-yo dates back to 500 BC, and is Greek. Proof of this, a Greek vase from the BC period shows a young boy playing with his yo-yo. Among other materials that could have been used to make these ancient toys, (such as wood, metal, and stone) historians have found that many were made of terra-cotta. Terra-cotta is a fragile, clay-like material. A yo-yo made of this material would break easily. Many of these were found on temple sights. Thus, archaeologists believe that Greek children gave their toy to the gods as a coming of age offering, rather than using it during their afternoon playtime. In Africa, images of young people yo-yoing adorn the walls of ancient Egyptian temples. A wooden box found in India depicted a scene of a girl playing with a yo-yo. On a more serious note, hunters i n the Philippines used a yo-yo like device to hunt animals from the treetops. In some cases, the yo-yo was thought to have been used as a weapon during skirmishes between the local tribes. Through time, the yo-yo survived and shifted from nation to nation, lasting through culture changes, wars, shifts of power, and many other historical ha ...

Business Management College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Management College - Essay Example In contrast to the statement under discussion, I feel that man has a very strong urge to maximize. If it was not so then the world we are living in today, would had been a much different and under developed place to be in. The crux of all this can be derived from the fact that growth of business, multiplicity of business - man starts with one and keeps on maximizing the product numbers and range to grow higher and higher etc. is not possible without the man's inherent nature to maximize. The industry is replete with examples of businesses being started as local businesses and then becoming national and finally global. Man is always looking for avenues of expansion. We keep expanding and maximizing. Our society or the consumer at large has always wanted to maximize its satisfaction. The role of business is to create avenues and give options so that this desire can be fulfilled in the best possible way. By doing so the goal of maximizing profits by the production and sale of products and services that in turn maximizes the satisfaction of the society at large gets fulfilled too. Without maximization the implications on the business would have been such that there would have been a dramatically poor growth of the world and its economy. The thought of the world we are living in now would have meant a very bizarre scenario without any sign of reality. It would have been treated as a dream, which would never ever become true. The vast and rapid changes that have overwhelmed us over the years are the fruit of the nature of maximization inherent in man. Because of the nature of maximization in man, we are confident that the entire global economy and business scenario is destined to see escalating growth in future. Due to the man's nature of maximizing the business that is being done all over is real and not a mere vision. Today the issue of diversification is a hot subject in the business circuit. What is diversification Through it the different businesses try to expand their business. What is expansion It is - the will to maximize. Then can a statement like "It is not in man's nature to maximize" be true No matter what the product is, diversification has always been in the agenda. For example those who are selling chocolates are diversifying in the field of biscuits and other related or unrelated products. Those who are selling magazines wish to launch targeted new editions. They try to offer demographic selectivity to the customers. Apart from their regular issues they try to take out demographic editions like - editions for the affluent readers, for health conscious people, for those who love traveling, for 60 plus people etc. These are just the examples of two products opting for maximization of their products and naturally their profits. There are thousands of products in the market. Every busin ess is adopting some or the other agenda of expansion. Hence using the path of maximization everyone is trying to maximize the positive implications of their businesses. Apart from diversification, innovation is also becoming a buzzword. According to Hegde and Krishna (1993. p. 40) "Yet another example of maximizing opportunity to "innovate and excel" has been that of two men who indeed strove to "electrify" our world of today - the German, Werner Von Siemens who created the electric generator and the American, Thomas

Criminal law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal law - Assignment Example Constitutional perception of due process is particular in the law of criminal procedure because of various reasons. This is because the procedures followed lead to revelation of the proper ways of handling a certain case. Therefore, the procedures ensure that the lawyer handling a particular case follows the required guidelines for a certain case. These guidelines are actually the constitutional procedures pertaining to the dos and dons of imposing judgment for a case. The law of criminal procedure becomes easy to handle when the lawyer evaluates the process viable for a case. The three branches come from the legislature, the executive and the judiciary (Scheb, 758). The legislature concerns itself with the activities of Policing. The executive concerns itself with the duty of investigation whereas legislature carries out law enforcement investigation. These examples entail the origin of the three branches of criminal law. Grand jury and Trial juries comprise of lawyers who are qualified enough to handle the functions bestowed to the jury (Scheb, 758). Grand Jury carries out the function of investigating whether a certain case has enough evidence. The trial jury is bestowed with the function of ensuring that the right verdict for a certain case. It ensures that justice is paramount in deciding on the right penalties for a

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

Essay Example Also, when Gregor has turned into a bug, we find the family to be self-sacrificing as well. Even though it distresses her to do so, Gergor’s sister feels a sense of duty to him, and she makes sure he is fed. When at first he cannot eat his favorite meal, his sister does everything that she can in order to find food that he will eat. She loves him, and out of a sense of duty she tries to feed him and keep him alive, even though he no longer resembles the person that he used o be in any way, shape, or form. The family has to sacrifice some of their own food money so that Gregor can eat, and this shows that they love him, even though they can’t stand to look at him. In Robert Frost’s â€Å"Home Burial,† we see two different conceptions of love through the act of mourning. In the poem, a married couple’s child has died, and the grave is on their property. The husband and wife have very different ways of coping with the loss of the child. The wife, Amy, stands at the window and stares at the grave. She is in a constant state of sorrow, and she can barely do anything because she has been so greatly affected. Because of her love for her child, she has grown distant from her husband, who is grieving in a different way. She doesn’t understand this, as she says â€Å"If you had any feelings, you who dug/ With your own hand—How could you?—his little grave† (72-73). To her the only appropriate way to grieve is to show it constantly, to be living it at all times. The husband is still obviously grieving for his child, but he can’t seem to show her that he is. He still loves his child and is in mourni ng, but he doesn’t do so in the same manner as his wife does: â€Å"You—oh, you think the talk is all; I must go—/Somewhere out of this house. How can I make you—â€Å" (112-113). He doesn’t talk about it the way that she does, or

Feminism and Slavery

Feminism and Slavery Feminism Women were socially differentiated within the gender orders of slave based societies. The diversity of womens experiences in West Indian slave societies, undermines the formal claims to order in the knowledges conceived by the politically challenged term woman, as well as feminism as an advanced, radical conceptual device (Mohammed, p.35). Either way, histories of slavery experience are viewed with considerable ambivalence and scepticism (Mohammed, ). It has not helped matters that dominant textural constructs of the slavery regime, the longer part of the colonial period, represents it as the social experience on which rests on contemporary ideologies of race, class and gender relations. Slavery is conceived also as the master mould from which are cast the persistent conflicts among women over definitions and ideological ownership of womanhood and feminity. The contested politics of womanhood furthermore, has been accounted for in terms of women formally differentiated exposure to slave owning colonial masculinities and institutionalised hegemonic patriarchy. These politics have also been explained in relation to the changing gender orders promoted by slavery and expressed culturally through civic institutions and productive arrangements, An important consequence of this internal political feature in feminine identity was hardened ethnic and class positions between women that made problematic all projects of post-slavery rapprochement. Slavery is conceived also as the master mould from which are cast the persistent conflicts among women over definitions and ideological ownership of womanhood and feminity The attack upon non-white female identity promoted a gender culture of exclusion that was rationalised and maintained as new gender representations surfaced in distinct ideological and material situations. Texts written by white women with a social familiarity of slavery yield ready evidence of these developments. Carmichael, for example, described black women in her published travelogue as masculine, brutish, and lacking feminine sensitivities (p.36). Carmichaels reference was consistent with white mens view about the labouring capacity of female slaves. For her, black women were outside the pale of feminine identity    hence her conclusion that to overwork a negro slave is impossible. Such texts served by consolidate and propangate the general opinions formulated by white male overseers and managers about black women. Plantation records prepared by white men, for example, speak of black womens apparent ease at dropping children, capacity for arduous physical labour, and general amazonian cat of character. Collectively, these accounts, written by white women and white men, indicate the varying ways and intensity with which the ideological project of defeminising the black woman was carried out (cited in). White female slave holders did not adopt publicly an anti-slavery stance. Rather, despite their own marginalised social position within dominant patriarchy, with its repressive socio-sexual culture, they were known for their private and public support for the pro-slavery enterprise. White women, then, offered the faint heart-beat of a feminist opposition to supportive texts during the long slavery period, though it may be suggested by way of mitigation that their private miscegenation with black men, and their occasional private grumbles about the horrid nature of slavery, should be taken account as part of a discreet, subjective oppositional politics. Nugents decision to dance with a black man during a ball at Governors residence sent an enormous shock through the sensitivities of upper-class female Jamaican society. It was understood, and stated, that only a governors wife could possibly have survived the disdain and derision that followed. The aggression shown by the same female elite society towards Elizbeth Manning who, as a prominent member, was accused by her husband ofextensive sexual relations with enslaved black men on the estate, helps to discredit the claim that there was perhaps a silent, submerged anti-slavery conscience among sections of white female upper-class society 9cited in). p.42 Enslaved black women presented slave society with its principal feminist opposition. Oppressed by the gender orders of black and white communities, and with little room to manoeuver to acquire the respectability necessary to secure a platform for public advocacy, slave women were undoubtedly the most exploited group. The inescapable tyranny of white and black masculinity created levels on which gender oppression was experienced and resisted. P.45 It wasnt just the men that sexually abused the enslaved women. http://www3.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/Slave%20Communities/atlantic_world/gender.htm According to Shepherd, some white working class women who owned enslaved Africans females rented them out as prostitutes. Understanding the role, the women played in the slave trade and community is important to offer a new dynamic to the study of slave culture in general. Not only were slave women subordinate because of race but they also shared the trials of the oppression of the female gender. Women slaves played a key role in the development of slave communities through the development of African Sexuality, Family Structure and Economic Productivity. It is therefore infinitely important that we must understand the slave trade from a female perspective to understand the development of these slave communities.

The Mechanisms and Effects of Frost Heave Essay -- Soil Soils Agricult

The Mechanisms and Effects of Frost Heave ABSTRACT Frost heave is the increase in volume experienced by soils when they freeze. Water moves to the upper horizons from below; when it freezes it forms segregated ice lenses which push apart the soil around them as they grow, causing the observed volume increase. Frost heave has a number of effects upon the soil and upon structures supported by the soil which make it an important process to understand. INTRODUCTION During the freezing of some soils, nearly pure ice forms in segregated lenses parallel to soil isotherms (Hillel, 1980). The formation of these lenses causes frost heave, a phenomenon in which the surface of the soil is "heaved" vertically by as much as several tens of centimeters. The overall volume of the soil also increases greatly, and heave pressures of many atmospheres can build up (Mitchell, 1993). Frost heave often causes substantial soil disruption (cryoturbation) as well as damage to roads, fence posts, foundations, plants, and other structures within and on top of the soil. In this paper I will examine the mechanisms and effects of frost heave. MECHANISMS Early studies of frost heave hypothesized that the observed volume growth in the soil was entirely due to the increase in volume that occurs when soil water changes to ice. Experiments by Taber in the 1960's, however, demonstrated that frost heave occurred even in soils saturated in benzene and nitrobenzene, liquids that contract when they freeze (Hillel, 1980). This finding led to a search for the new mechanism, the particulars of which are still being resolved. Mitchell (1993) specifies three necessary conditions for ice segregation and frost heave to occur: 1. A frost susceptibl... ...in the soils of this region might be explained through frost heaving. Works Cited: Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud, 1988, The upfreezing process: Experiments with a single clast: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 609-621. Clark, M.J. (Ed.), 1988, Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology: Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, 481 p. Dash, J.G., 1989, Thermonuclear Pressure in Surface Melting: Motivation for Frost Heave: Science, v. 246, p. 1591-1593. Durbin, Steve, Personal Communication on 10/12/96. Hillel, Daniel, 1980, Applications in Soil Physics: New York, Academic Press, Inc., 385 p. Mitchell, James K., 1993, Fundamentals of Soil Behavior: New York, John Wiley & Sons, 543 p. Smith, M.W., 1985, Observations of soil freezing and frost heave at Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 223, p. 283-290.

Abortion Subject

The topic of women having abortions can be an intense subject. This subject has always been a debate because the people of society cannot agree on weather â€Å"abortions† are right or wrong. In this paper I will give multiple reasons why abortions should be legal for women to have. Abortions are legal and should remain legal because women should have the right to decide what happens with their bodies; some women that become pregnant are not ready emotionally or financially to be mothers; and abortions is the best answer for an unwanted pregnancy. It’s a woman choice I agree abortions should be legal because not all women can afford to take care of a child or give them the necessities they need. I also believe this choice should be up to women. This is the same with any medical procedure, if a person was to have a tumor while pregnant and it was life threatening, what you will choose to do save the baby or the woman. This is where abortions come in. People need not to look at this like a disease and start treating abortions like any other medical procedure. According to the Washington Post NBC/WSJ polls find that, on the 40 anniversary of the Supreme Court’s Roe v. Wade decision, 70 percent of Americans want the landmark abortions rights ruling to stay (Weiner, 2013). Indeed, as we learned from study there are more people who agree to keep this order in place for woman. This alone says it is a safe procedure if done right by experienced physician. Keeping abortions legal is the right choice because this is something that helps women have a choice on what to do with unwanted or unsafe pregnancies. While abortions can offer ways to help women with any kind of issues they may go through while pregnant, another important information women need to know is be safe and observe the physicians to ensure they are well qualified physicians. Pros of an abortion There are plenty of pros when it comes to this topic. Abortions are not as negative as everyone might want to think. Abortions are done in the case of women being raped; there are very few women that really want to keep their child in cases like this. Is abortion such a terrible thing in this situation? I do not think so. Doing research on this topic there are pros to legal abortions, study show A woman’s right to choose abortion is a fundamental right† recognized by the U. S Supreme Court. The landmark abortion case Roe v. Wade was decided on January 22, 1973, and remains the law of the land (ProCon. org, 2013). Certainly, there are people that do not agree with abortions and never will, but one person’s opinions should not affect other decisions. Although people say abortions are wrong and it’s killing another human being, it’s also important to remember why abortions are necessary. In cases abortions are not done for malicious intent, but in some cases they are done to save the life of women. Cons of abortions Where there are pros there are cons to any subject or topic. On the topic should abortions be legal, many say there are some cons that others do not believe. With this topic people will never be 100 percent comfortable. The only con I believe is getting the procedure done wrong by an unprofessional doctor that will lead to death and not by an experience doctor, nurse, or physicians to ensure your health. For example, study says† women should use contraceptives not abortion, to avoid unwanted pregnancies. A center for Disease Control and prevention study show that 19-25% of women who received abortions in 2006 had previously had one or more abortions. If abortions were not available, women would use preventable measures (ProCon. org, 2013). Having a negative attitude about abortions will lead to not looking at the positive sides of having a abortion. Seeing these kinds of negative impact puts a negative influence on others and confuses others about what is right for them and their body. After reading study, I have to say I disagree, just because woman have abortions and they are available does not mean all woman abuse the system. For example if a woman is raped she should have used protection to prevent her from getting pregnant. That does not make sense. Whose to say why women have abortions, society just follow the number of abortions and studies which can be misleading at times. What’s the risk of abortions? I personally believe in abortions but I also know there are health risks when having abortions. Currently in the United States over the years there have been a number of abortions happening. There is risk at everything we do, like including abortions. To avoid such risks according to study† currently in the United States, a patch work of state regulations determines who can provide abortions with several states specifically prohibiting non-physician clinicians from performing the procedure (News RX, 2013). Indeed, having educated nurses and other health physician handling patients that has had or is contemplating an abortion is the safest thing to do to ensure all women are cared for correctly while having this procedure. If people don’t take abortions seriously then people can have false information about this issue. This will lead to unsafe conditions do to abortions. Increasing the types of health care professionals who can provide early aspiration abortions care is one way to reduce this health care disparity (News RX, 3013). While there are risks to having an abortions the rate of abortions has fell 29% between 1990-2005 from 27. 4 to 19. 4 this is not counting the level cut from 2005-2008 (ProCon. org, 2013). With this being said the rate of abortions are continuing to fall which is a positive thing. Abortions help saves lives According to (Planned Parenthood) legal abortions protect women’s health. For tens of thousands of women with heart disease, kidney disease, severe hypertension, sickle cell anemia and severe diabetes, and other illnesses that can be life threathing, the availability of legal abortions has helped avert serious medical complications that would have resulted from childbirth (Planned Parenthood, 2006). Reasons why abortion should be legal If abortions were not legal, than women would have no options for an unwanted child. Let’s talk about unwanted children. For one every child wants to be wanted, and loved by someone. If women are forced to carry unwanted pregnancies to term, the outcome would be society has unloved, unwanted children having abandonments issues. This is another problem of its own. Again this is why I personally believe abortions should be legal. What abortion does is help some women who are not ready to be mothers financially and or emotionally. We all know that women have abortions for many different reasons even if society disagrees on this issue of abortion. Also abortions are a way to keep some of our children from having to grow up financially and emotionally deprived. Everyone looks at abortions as if it’s an easy task,† don’t want the child go have an abortions†. For some it’s not that easy and the reasoning behind having an abortion is not that easy either. It’s important not to judge someone for their actions and to not really know the reason as to why some women have made this choice. Reasons As I said before women have abortions for many different reasons. One may be because it wasn’t planned, â€Å"what some would call an accidental pregnancy†. Another reason could be in the case of rape. Majority of women would not want to be reminded of that kind of experience so abortion should be an option. Another reason is what if the baby had a birth defect that caused harm for the baby and the mother. Again abortion should be an option or even in the case of incest. I don’t think any women would want to keep a baby by someone from their own family they have known them their whole lives and that has raised them as a child. You have to be a very strong woman to go through these things, and there are plenty in our world. Having a child and being a parent are two different things if you look at it. Being a parent is someone who is going to guide you, nurture you, and loves you unconditionally, who provides and protects you. Now having a child any woman can do that. But for some they do not want or cannot do for their child/children. Having a child is a major responsibility financially, psychologically, and morally. Raising a child demands time, patients, effort, a sane mind and can’t forget money.

World bank Group essays

World bank Group essays The World Bank is not a bank in the common sense; it is an agency made up of 184 member countries. These countries are jointly responsible for how the institution is financed and how money is spent along with the rest of the development of the community. The World Bank supports both developed and developing countries with lending guaranteed analytic and advisory work, debt relief, capacity enhancement, global monitoring and advocacy. Their goals are to eradicate poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality, reduce child mortality, combat deadly diseases, ensure environmental sustainability, and develop a global partnership for development. The World Bank's poverty reduction strategy is based on building the investment climate and investing in poor people. They offer different types of financing projects. These projects include low interest loans, interest free credit, and grants, which come from 40 rich countries donors that contribute money every 4 years to these developing countries. The money that is borrowed by the governments has to be used for specific programming in poverty reduction, delivery of social services, environmental protection, or economic growth. There are two types of borrowers: the middle-income countries and the heavily indebted poor countries. The borrower first identifies and prepares a project proposal to the bank for it to be reviewed, then negotiate and agree on the development objectivity, components, outputs, performance, indicators, implementation plan and a schedule disbursing loan funds. The World Bank considers themselves to have achieved success over their program, but they feel there is much more work to be needed in poor countries. Their objective is to eradicate extreme poverty in all nations. This group has a disclosure policy that allows the public to view what they do because they believe in an anticorrupt ...

Ethics In Business Essays (2344 words) - Applied Ethics, Free Essays

Ethics In Business Essays (2344 words) - Applied Ethics, Free Essays Ethics in Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitigating factor is the duress or threats that an employee might suffer if they do not follow through with their assignment. After the bogus testing was completed in the National Semiconductor labs, the documentation department also had to falsify documents stating that the parts had surpassed the governmental testing standards. From a legal and ethical standpoint, both the testers and the writers of the reports were merely acting as agents on direct orders from a superior. This was also the case when the plant in Singapore refused to falsify the documents and were later falsified by the employees at the have California plant before being submitted to the approval committees (Velazquez, 53). The writers of the reports were well aware of the situation yet they acted in this manner on the instruction of a supervisor. Acting in an ethical manner becomes a secondary priority in this type of environment. As stated by Alan Reder, . . . if they [the employees] feel they will suf fer retribution, if they report a problem, they arent too likely to open their mouths. (113). The workers knew that if the reports were not falsified they would come under questioning and perhaps their employment would go into jeopardy. Although working under these conditions does not fully excuse an employees from moral fault, it does start the divulging process for determining the order of the chain of command of superiors and it helps to narrow down the person or department that issued the original request for the unethical acts. The third mitigating factor is one that perhaps encompasses the majority of the employees in the National Semiconductor case. We have to balance the direct involvement that each employee had with the defective parts. Thus, it has to be made clear that many of the employees did not have a direct duty with the testing departments or with the parts that eventually failed. Even employees, or sub-contractors, that were directly involved with the production were not aware of the incompetence on the part of the testing department. For example, the electrical engineer that designed the defective computer chip could act in good faith that it would be tested to ensure that it did indeed meet the required government endurance tests. Also, for the employees that handled the part after the testing process, they were dealing with what

Purification of Drinking Water, Drinking Water Treatment Processes, Essay

Purification of Drinking Water, Drinking Water Treatment Processes, Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries - Essay Example Availability of clean drinking water is a major global concern with the situation in developing countries becoming worse due to the rapid population growth in these nations. Scarcity of water has serious socio-economic implications in developing countries with women and girls from poor families spending a majority of their time searching for water at the expense of economically rewarding activities and education (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2010). Poor quality drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene contribute to 4 billion cases of diarrhoea disease annually with more than 1.5 million people losing their lives, the majority being children under the age of five years (United Nations, 2005). These people are usually exposed to contaminated drinking water mainly from untreated waste water that contains human and animal faeces and urine exposing them to pathogenic micro organisms. Water Sources Drinking water comes from both surface and ground water with the na tural water cycle maintaining the available water for mankind (Omran, 2011). Majority of people from developing countries get their water from springs, boreholes, sealed wells, hand-dug wells, streams, rivers, and lakes (Omran, 2011). Some of these sources are contaminated with water borne diseases responsible for over 50% hospitalization in these countries (Alward et al., 1994). Despite some of the sources like ground water being clean and safe for drinking, improper use, ignorance and lack of adequate sanitation facilities like toilets make their drinking water contaminated during collection, transport, storage and drawing of water (Lindskog and Lindskog, 1988). This contributes significantly to developing countries disease burdens. Purification of Drinking Water Majority of people living in developing countries uses simple and rudimentary water treatment techniques to serve individual households and community needs despite the availability of superior conventional technologies. C onventional treatment technologies are too expensive and inappropriate for people living in very poor neighbourhoods due to limitation in infrastructure and skilled personnel. The simple and rudimentary water purification system is primarily aimed to remove the visible impurities such as floating particles, leaves, and twigs. The commonly used water purification systems include; Simple Filtration This is accomplished by using locally available filters, sieves, or pieces of cloth. The filters can be made of sandstones and plant materials and are purposefully made to clarify or remove visible contaminants of water. Boiling Boiling is the most commonly used and promoted household water treatment method around the world (Beddow, 2010). The water being boiled must reach a boiling temperature of 1000c. This process is effective in killing most pathogens that cause water borne diseases. The disadvantages of boiling include the lack of residual antimicrobial properties in the water making t he water easily re-contaminated if handled improperly. Boiling is widely accepted across all regions and when done properly offers many people access to safe drinking water free from diarrhoea causing organisms. Waste Water Treatment Waste water treatment in developing cou

Leading and Managing in Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading and Managing in Nursing - Term Paper Example In the contemporary world, the success of healthcare practices and strategies is largely dependent on the leadership style employed. Consequently, the personal characteristics of the leader are imperative as he or she guides the process. As reiterated by NHS Leadership Academy (2013: 3), "The way we manage ourselves is a central part of being an effective leader". For instance, a leader ought to identify his or her strengths and weaknesses in order to make out how to engage his or her followers in nursing. It is worth noting that people respond to leadership in different ways and hence the leadership style adopted by the leader is imperative. The first stage of Gibbs reflective model is a description (Peate, 2013: n.p). Student nurses are faced by a lot of challenges and nurse leaders given the role of teaching them must apply effective methods of leadership. My role involves leading and teaching lower year student nurses how to do aseptic wound dressings. In the process of teaching student nurses, I observed that many of them had a habit of making excuses for poor performance, and also avoided responsibilities. In relation to the second stage of the Gibbs reflective model, which entails explication of feelings (Peate, 2013: n.p), I felt that the students needed to be more accountable of their actions and as a result shun away from giving excuses for their poor performance. Aseptic wound dressing requires a nurse to prepare well in order to avoid spreading infections to the wound (Nicol, Payne and Edwards, 2008: 1). The nurse students made me look bad and therefore I felt dejected. The third stage of the Gibbs reflective model is the evaluation (Peate, 2013: n.p). Personally, I felt that the student nurses were not doing their best in terms of following instructions. However, after discussing this issue with my colleagues, I found out that they were experiencing the same problems with their student nurses.  Ã‚  

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems Coursework

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems - Coursework Example It left the rest of the underprivileged population either to pay for the healthcare services it sought or to go without health care (Newdick 1995, p. 42). Thereby, it became evident to the then Labor government that the people in the UK were being deprived of even the very basic health care because they simply could not afford to pay for it. Thereby, the guiding philosophy behind the envisagement of the National Health Service was to make healthcare more affordable and to assure that even the marginalized UK citizens got access to affordable healthcare. The thing that needs to be understood is that the coming into existence of the National Health Service in the UK was the outcome of a marked shift in the mindset of the policy-making individuals and institutions with regards to health care. For instance, the contrivance of NHS was guided by the emerging belief that health care happened to be a basic right and did not happen to be a luxury doled out as a matter of charity (Gormley 1999, P. 26). The ruling elites in the UK did come to the agreement that the existent health care system in the UK was in a state of abysmal mess and that a National Health Service was needed to replace this lackadaisical and biased system. The good thing was that the health care infrastructure created during the II World War did help a lot in the creation of a National Health Service in the UK (Gormley 1999). The emergency medical services and the healthcare infrastructure created during the II World War did help a lot in the creation of a pan UK National H ealth Service. The II World War had a cataclysmic impact on the governance in general and on the health care in particular. This planned upheaval did go a long way in the envisagement of a very democratic and egalitarian health care system in the UK.

Bylaws of Natural Health Essay Example for Free

Bylaws of Natural Health Essay Section 1: Membership shall consist only of the Director/President, Jason Wilson. ARTICLE III AMENDMENTS Section 1: These Bylaws may be amended when necessary. ARTICLE VI Restrictions on Actions 1. All the assets and earnings of the Corporation shall be used exclusively for its exempt purposes, including the payment of expenses incidental thereto. No part of any net earnings shall inure to the benefit of any employee of the Corporation or be distributed to its Directors, officers, or any private person. 2. Notwithstanding any other provision of these bylaws, the Corporation will not carry on any activities not permitted by an organization exempt under Section 501(c)(3), Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law, or organizations whose contributions which are exempt under Section 170(c)(2), Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law. The Corporation shall have no capital stock, pay no dividends, distribute no part of its net income or assets to any Directors, Officers, and private property of the subscribers, Directors or Officers shall not be liable for the debts of the Corporation. 3. No substantial part of the Corporation’s activity shall be for the carrying on of a campaign of propaganda or otherwise attempting to influence legislation. The Corporation shall not participate in any political campaign, will not engage in political campaigns or attempt to influence legislation or interfere with any political campaign on behalf or in opposition to any candidate for public office. 4. In particular, but not without limitation of the generality of the foregoing paragraph, during such time as the Corporation may be considered a private foundation as defined by Section 509(a), Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law, it shall not: A. Fail to distribute its income for each taxable year at such time and in such manner as not to become subject to the tax on undistributed income imposed by Section 4942, Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law. B. Engage in any act of self dealing as defined in Section 4941(d), Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law. C. Retain any excess business holdings as defined in Section 4943(c), Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law. D. Make any investment on such manner as to subject it to tax under Section 4944, Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law. E. Make any taxable expenditures as defined in Section 4945(d), Internal Revenue Code, 1986, or the corresponding provision of any future federal law. These bylaws were adopted on July 30, 2012. Jason Wilson, President

Celebrity Puppets Essay -- Personal Narrative

Celebrity Puppets The concept of using sports stars to market non-sport items has soared to new heights. Every corporation in the world is trying to get the edge over their competitors. The classic example is that of the â€Å"Cola Wars.† During the 1980s, Pepsi and Coca Cola began an advertising slugfest, in which Pepsi emerged victorious by using Madonna and Michael Jackson as puppets in their commercials. These two companies, as well as thousands of others, have taken advantage of exposing celebrities in their commercials and advertisements. This is done as a means to persuade the public that these products are worth buying. As the years went by, marketers began to realize that in America, sports imagery constituted the most popular way of communicating to the public. The major sports organizations that corporations use to market their products consist of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, and the National Hockey League, but more groups are beginning to get in on the act. These groups include the NASCAR Winston Cup Series, the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA), as well as many others as a result of their increasing popularity and a younger group of stars. A little over a year ago, San Francisco Forty-Niner star wide receiver Terrell Owens caught a touchdown pass and began a unique celebration. When he reached into his sock and pulled out a Sharpieâ„ ¢ marker and signed the football, giving it to a friend in the stands. His touchdown celebration was covered by many major media sources. As a result Owens was offered a partnership with the marker manufacturer. Sharpieâ„ ¢ agreed to donate five hundred dollars to the Alzheimer’s Association in Northern California/Northern Nevada for every touchdown Owens scor... ...ich the rock band Metallica wrote, entitled â€Å"Master of Puppets.† The lyrics go: Master of Puppets I'm pulling your strings Twisting your mind and smashing your dreams Blinded by me, you can't see a thing Just call my name, `cause I'll hear you scream This reminds me of today’s marketing world because these corporations all over the world are trying to twist our minds and make us believe that their products are superior to those of their competitors. In today’s world it is no longer who makes the better product, but who can present the product in a better fashion. There is no major difference in the quality of sneakers throughout the world. But unless the Nike, Adidas, or Rebok logo is not there, the sneaker is viewed as poor. It just goes to show how a song written in the 1980s can reflect the marketing era of the year 2003.

The Aging Process in Katherine Mansfields Miss Brill Essay -- Miss Bri

Katherine Mansfield's "Miss Brill" perfectly captures the phases one's mind goes through when faced with becoming old. Elderly people tend to be nostalgic, even sentimental about their youth. In later years, the nostalgia can develop into senility or fantasy. The ermine fur in "Miss Brill" is the catalyst of her nostalgia and symbolizes the passing of time in three stages: an expectant youth, a vital adulthood, and finally, a development into old age and fantasy. The story opens with Miss Brill's excitement that the "season" has arrived for social engagements; perhaps it is the tourist season when the ladies debut their latest fashions. With all the expectancy of a young girl looking forward to courtship, Miss Brill unpacks her prized and most fashionable possession, the ermine fur. While unpacking the fur, the reader is aware that Miss Brill is lapsing into elderly nostalgia because she speaks to the fur in such delighted tones. Miss Brill refers to her ermine fur as her "Little Rogue"(182). We learn that the ermine fur is fragile and in disrepair; we sense that Miss Brill is, to...

Tree Paper

Which is the correct symbol for the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in a specified configuration? C) VS. Longitudinal dynamic instability in an airplane can be Identified by B) pitch oscillations becoming progressively steeper True course measurements on a Sectional Aeronautical Chart should be made at a meridian near the midpoint of the course because thee C) angles formed by lines of longitude and the course line vary from point to point. Regulations which refer to â€Å"operate† relate to that person who C) causes the aircraft to be used or authorizes Its useTo act as pilot In command of an aircraft operated under 14 CUFF part 91, a commercial pilot must have satisfactorily accomplished a flight review or completed a proficiency check within the preceding C) 24 months Each required flight crewmen is required to keep his or her shoulder harness fastened A) during takeoff and landing, unless he or she is unable to perform required duties To increase the rate of turn and at the same time decrease the radius, a pilot should A) increase the bank and decrease airspeed. Dashed lines on a Surface Analysis Chart, if depicted, indicate that the pressure gradient is B) weak.One of the most dangerous features of mountain waves is the turbulent areas in and C) below rotor clouds. Weather Advisory Broadcasts, including Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWE), Convective Signets, and Signets, are provided by C) Arts on all frequencies, except emergency, when any part of the area described Is within 150 miles of the airspace under their Jurisdiction. Which Is the best technique for maligning the wing-load factor when flying In severe turbulence? C) Set power and trim to obtain an airspeed at or below maneuvering speed, maintain wings level, and accept variations of airspeed and altitude.The reason for variations in geometric pitch (twisting) along a propeller blade is that flight. What does good cockpit stress management begin with? A) Good life stress management The conditions most favorable to wave formation over mountainous areas are a layer of C) stable air at mountaintop altitude and a wind of at least 20 knots blowing across the ridge.

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Cigarettes Essays - Electronic Cigarettes, Smoking, Habits, Tobacco

Cigarettes Essays - Electronic Cigarettes, Smoking, Habits, Tobacco Cigarettes 1-3-1 ESSAY Did you know three cigarettes could get one addicted? Every time one takes a puff of a cigarette they?re playing a dangerous game with life. I always wondered, Why are cigarettes so deadly, what is in cigarettes, if people know they?re deadly then why do they still smoke them, and finally why does the government allow people to buy these when they can kill you? Every time one smokes a cigarette it?s like putting a gun to your head and pulling the trigger with out knowing if the gun is loaded or not. I?ll do what?s within my ability to answer these questions in this essay. I browsed the internet (isn?t it a wonderful tool?) and used other references and my knowledge to determine why cigarettes are addictive, unhealthy, and unappealing. If we could vote to make cigarettes illegal then I?d vote yes. If your vote is no then after you read this essay I hope you will vote yes and save millions of adult and CHILDREN lives. Cigarettes are very unappealing. Do you like the smell of an old used ashtray? I don?t and most other people don?t either. Well how would you like for smoking area to smell like that and wouldn?t be able to do anything about it. You know how some smokers? teeth are yellow. This is one result of the tar staining their teeth. All white items in your smoking area could turn yellow as a result in the tar you exhale along with many other chemicals. Premature wrinkles are another result in smoking. Cigarettes are very unhealthy. If you knew what is in cigarettes you would think twice about even touching them. The basic substances are nicotine, tobacco, and TAR. Yes TAR that black smelly stuff that you have on your roof, in the streets, and if you smoke in your lungs. These are some other substances used to make cigarettes: Uranium, water, Carbon Dioxide. These chemicals are also used to make nuclear bombs. I guess smokers enjoy smoking nuclear bombs. Some side effects of smoking are many forms of cancer, thickening of the blood, making the arteries thinner and smaller, cancer of the vocal cords You?ll have to talk out of a microphone in you?re neck, and could cause constant Bronchitis. Addiction is probably the worst part. Before I explain what addiction is like I?m going to tell you about the process of addiction. 1. You light the cigarette. 2. You smoke two or three. 3. That dizziness is the nicotine traveling throughout your body. 4. The nicotine takes effect and you want another and another and so on. 5. You?re addicted. Now for what it?s like. Every time you get angry or sad you want a cigarette. If you?ve had a stressful day you may want one after a day?s work to calm your nerves. If you have no way of getting them you?ll steal them or get other people to steal them for you. You may also get others to buy cigarettes for you, or buy them from other people and get ripped off. For those of you who voted no earlier and changed to yes, good for you. For those of you who voted no and kept your vote remember smoking is unhealthy, unappealing, and very addictive. I hope I answered many of your questions. Thank you for taking time to read my essay. I hope you will agree with me that cigarettes should be illegal.